![]() ![]() SubjectsĮight college-aged (25 ± 5 years), trained (50 ± 5 ml To control for possible sources of error variance, CAF was administered in a double blind manner, and the order in which subjects completed the trials was randomized. Stay Alert chewing gum (Mastix Medica LLC, Hunt Valley, MD, USA) was used in the current investigation as previous studies conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of CAF administered in chewing gum used this product ( 27,43). Caffeine was administered at one time point in 3 trials and placebo administered at all time points in a control trial to allow for comparisons between trials. The subjects participated in 4 experimental trials in which cycling performance was assessed via a cycling time trial. Methods Experimental Approach to the ProblemĪ within-subject, repeated measures, placebo controlled design was chosen for this study with all the subjects being tested under all treatment conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the most efficacious time to administer CAF in chewing gum to enhance cycling performance. We hypothesized that the administration of CAF in chewing gum would elicit an ergogenic effect very rapidly. Nonetheless, research has not elucidated the temporal relationship between the timing of administration of CAF gum and the subsequent enhancement of cycling performance. Because drug action is limited by the rate at which a drug reaches target tissues, a faster delivery of CAF may result in a faster onset of ergogenic effects. ( 27) demonstrated that CAF administered in chewing gum is absorbed significantly faster than CAF administered in pill form. As such, it has been customary for researchers to administer oral doses of CAF (capsule or beverage) 1 hour before performance to ensure peak plasma concentrations during exercise. After the oral ingestion of CAF, plasma CAF concentrations increase in a dose-dependent manner ( 27), and peak plasma concentrations are observed anywhere from 15 to 120 minutes ( 4,5,28,29,32,37). Complete absorption is typically achieved approximately 1 hour after ingestion however, numerous factors such as dosage and dose formulation can impact the absorption rate constant ( 5). After ingestion, CAF is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream ( 17). The pharmacokinetics of CAF are well understood. ![]() kg −1 BM) had no effect on cycling performance ( 7,13,23).Relatively few studies reported that CAF (3–6 mg kg −1 BM) has been shown to enhance cycling performance ( 9,25,30).Further, the administration of CAF in lower doses (<3 mg Several studies have demonstrated improvements in cycling performance after the administration of CAF in moderate to high doses (3–13 mg In moderate doses, CAF is well tolerated, and few significant side effects have been reported ( 10,42). CAF administered in chewing gum enhanced cycling performance when administered immediately prior, but not when administered 1 or 2 hours before cycling.Ĭaffeine (CAF) is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Cycling performance was improved in trial C (–5), but not in trial A (–120) or trial B (–60), relative to trial D (Placebo). Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. After baseline measurements, time allotted for gum administration, and a standard warm-up, the participants cycled at 75% VO 2max for 15 minutes then completed a 7-kJ The experimental trials were defined as follows: trial A (–120), trial B (–60), trial C (–5), and trial D (Placebo). During the fourth visit, placebo gum was administered at all 3 time points. In 3 of the 4 visits, at 1 of the time points mentioned previously, 300 mg of CAF was administered. During the next 4 visits, 3 pieces of chewing gum were administered at 3 time points (120-minute precycling, 60-minute precycling, and 5-minute precycling). During the first visit, the subjects underwent a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max). Eight male cyclists participated in 5 separate laboratory sessions. J Strength Cond Res 27(1): 259–264, 2013-The purpose of this study was to determine the most efficacious time to administer caffeine (CAF) in chewing gum to enhance cycling performance. Caffeine gum and cycling performance: A timing study. Ryan, EJ, Kim, C-H, Fickes, EJ, Williamson, M, Muller, MD, Barkley, JE, Gunstad, J, and Glickman, EL.
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